J-ME modular, internally shifting, double acting, linear fluid actuator system

ABSTRACT

An improved, modular, internally shifting, double acting linear fluid actuator system which is adapted to be driven by liquid, air stream, steam, or gas, (collectively referenced as fluid medium.) The present invention is comprised of three core modules and two attachment mechanisms: a Control Module, two Canister Modules, and Canister Adjustment Plates. The Control Module receives pressurized fluid medium, internally shifts the fluid medium flow into and out of Canister Modules, and exhausts depressurized fluid medium. The Canister Modules perform the work for each actuator application, and are attached to the Control Module by Canister Adjustment Plates at each end of the Control Module, which allows attachment to different diameter canister modules simultaneously. The Canister Modules may operate at different pressures, different volumes, or perform different applications simultaneously. A modified embodiment includes a Control Module compatible with external switching systems while maintaining central fluid control and modular efficiency.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

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STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

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REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX

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©2009 Mark Andrew Brown

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to fluid powered linear actuators, and in particular, without limitation, to a modular, internal shifting, double acting, linear fluid actuator system, that may be driven by liquid, air stream, steam, or gas, (collectively referenced as fluid medium.)

2. Description of Related Art

Fluid powered devices are well known and a variety of different designs have been devised to meet the requirements of particular applications. These include hydraulic and pneumatic piston-and-cylinder units which are connected to pump, motors, compressors, or high pressure gas streams. Piston-and-cylinder units, or linear actuators, are found in various sizes in many types of equipment. Single-acting piston-and-cylinder units generally have a single fluid input located at a cylinder end and provide a linear force in one direction. Double-acting units generally include fluid inlets at both ends of their cylinders and provide linear force on both their extension and retraction strokes. Hydraulic systems are “closed” whereby the actuating fluid is returned from the piston- and cylinder units for recirculation. Pneumatic systems, on the other hand, can be “open” whereby the air, stream, etc. is released to the atmosphere after expending its energy and performing work.

Double-acting actuators have been employed in many various applications: pumping applications, press applications, mixing applications, lift applications, etc. Double-acting actuators have an almost unlimited number of applications in industry.

Although current double-acting actuators have been used in industry for years, they suffer from several important disadvantages:

-   -   1. The closed casing design of present actuators limits the         functionality and expandability of present units.     -   2. Repair or replacements costs of present units are high due to         single tube design.     -   3. Most actuators need external switching devices driven by         electronically, mechanically, pneumatically, or hydraulically         outside means to switch from an extension stroke to a retraction         stroke, which makes actuators unreliable in many outdoor or         remote locations and increases the cost of actuator systems.     -   4. Present actuators cannot change extension or retraction         stroke lengths without extensive remodification or replacement.     -   5. Switching on present units is facilitated from the outside         ends of present double-acting actuators which creates sticking         problems or the need for expensive design solutions.     -   6. Present actuators require a complete reduction in pressure or         require significant differential pressures before switching can         be accomplished thus causing extensive flow surges which shorten         the life of the equipment.     -   7. Internal switching devices use multi-spool switching which         requires more working parts and precision built parts to operate         and therefore is more costly to produce and operate as in the         Brown Linear Fluid Motor System, U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,540. Other         disadvantages include:         -   a. The closed casing design eliminates expandability.         -   b. It only provides one function.         -   c. It needs a plurality of interconnections (piping) that             increases parts and service costs.         -   d. Switching is accomplished at one end.         -   e. Needs a wide differential pressure to operate (1000#).         -   f. Pressures on the extension and retraction stroke which             causes undue stress on the piston rod.         -   g. Spools are in direct contact with inlet and outlet ports             which increases abrasion on the switching devices.         -   h. Is incompatible with external switching systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is an Improved, Modular, Internally Shifting, Double Acting, Linear Fluid Actuator System which internally shifts fluid medium direction to perform pumping, lifting, pressing, shearing, punching, mixing, or any other application performed by Double Acting Linear Actuators. It may also be connected to additional modules which can enhance performance of the actuator system.

The actuator system consists of a Control Module, two Canister Modules, and two connecting mechanisms called Canister Adjustment Plates.

-   -   1. The present invention solves the problem of limited         functionality by offering modularity which enables the actuator         system to perform different functions. An actuator system may be         quickly modified to perform pump operations; punch, stamp, or         press applications; reciprocating operations; lift operations;         and mixing operations; etc. by simply using easily         interchangeable Canisters, Piston Heads, Connecting Rods, End         Caps, or Springs, or any combination of the same.     -   2. One control module can accommodate two different Canister         sizes simultaneously for mixing purposes, timing purposes, and         to perform two completely different functions.     -   3. Volume and pressure changes can be made by using larger or         smaller diameter Canisters.     -   4. The present invention enables the flexibility of using         multiple Canister modules with one central Control Module         allowing a reduction in parts costs.     -   5. The modular nature of the invention allows parts to be easily         transferred from one actuator system to another.     -   6. Parts are interchangeable from end to end.     -   7. The internal shifting design of the present invention         eliminates the need for external switching devices which         increases reliability and decreases costs.     -   8. By using the present invention stroke length may be shortened         by placing Stroke Shorteners in one Canister.     -   9. Stroke length may be accomplished by using a longer Canister         and Connecting Rod.     -   10. The present invention is shifted from the Control Module         which is in the center of the unit. This eliminates the need for         expensive end damping measures needed in many of the present         actuators.     -   11. Because the present invention is driven from the center of         the unit, sticking is significantly reduced or eliminated, which         solves a common problem with present actuators.     -   12. The present invention is always pressured on the extension         stroke, never on the retraction stroke. This relieves stress on         the Connecting Rod and reduces or eliminates buckling.     -   13. The present invention need only reduce the pressure in the         system enough to lower the fluid pressure below shifting         pressure which creates a small differential pressure for         shifting, thereby: reducing stress on the actuator system and         avoiding costly breakdowns and extend actuator life due to large         pressure surges. It also extends life of motors and piping used         in conjunction with the actuator system.     -   14. The present invention significantly reduces the number of         working parts in the actuator system itself which decreases         production and repair costs.     -   15. The present invention uses parts that can be mass produced         instead of using parts that are labor intensive.     -   16. The modular nature of the present invention greatly         increases the functionality and serviceability which makes it         better fitted for remote applications.     -   17. The present invention can be fitted to additional modules         which increases its flexibility.     -   18. The present invention has minimum movement of internal         shifting mechanisms which increases reliability.     -   19. The present invention's Port Controls do not contact inlet         and outlet ports thereby: reducing abrasion on the internal         working parts.     -   20. The present invention doesn't need a plurality of         interconnections (piping) within the actuator which reduces         production costs and improves reliability.     -   21. The present invention's Connecting Rod allows work to be         performed at both ends of the actuator which can double         performance in specific applications.     -   22. Using the modified embodiment of the present invention         allows compatibility with external switching devices if needed,         while maintaining central control to reduce pressure on end caps         and reduce or eliminate sticking.     -   23. The modified embodiment maintains the modular efficiency and         functionality.     -   24. Uniformity of parts while performing various applications         can significantly reduce costs. The modified embodiment of the         present inventions also meets all the above needs by its central         control and modular nature.

The principal objects and advantages of the invention are: to provide a fluid medium activated linear actuator system; to provide an actuator system that is double acting; to provide an actuator system that is modular; to provide an actuator system that internally shifts; to provide an actuator system that is highly reliable; to provide an actuator system that is highly flexible; to provide an actuator system that is expandable; to provide an actuator system that is centrally controlled; to provide an actuator system that performs work at both ends; to provide an actuator system that can perform two different applications simultaneously; to provide an actuator system that is easily modified to accommodate internal shifting and external switching systems; to provide an actuator system that is easily maintained; to provide an actuator system that can accommodate various volumes and pressures; to provide an actuator system whose stroke can be easily lengthened or shortened; to provide an actuator system that is easily manufactured; to provide an actuator system that is easily adaptable to lighter materials; to provide an actuator system that is cost effective; to provide an actuator system that promotes consistent design solutions.

Other principal objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of the invention.

The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1. is a view of the J-ME Modular, Internally Shifting, Double Acting, Linear Fluid Actuator System in Position I. (Herein after referred to as the “Actuator System.”) In Position I two port controls configure the two supply parts and the two exhaust ports in the following manner: The Upper Supply Port(5) is configured to form Upper Flow Chamber(9); the Lower Supply Port(6) is configured to form Isolation Chamber B(8); the Upper Exhaust Port(53) is configured to form Isolation Chamber C(40); and the Lower Exhaust Port(29) is configured to form the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28).

FIG. 2. is a view of the Actuator System in Position II. In Position II two port controls configure the two supply ports and the exhaust ports in the following manner: Upper Supply Port(5) is configured to form Isolation Chamber A(36); the Lower Supply Port(6) is configured to form the Lower Flow Chamber(38); the Upper Exhaust Port(53) is configured to form the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37); and the Lower Exhaust Port(29) is configured to form Isolation Chamber D(39).

FIG. 3 is an expanded and fragmentary view of the Control Module(2) and the Upper Canister Module(3 a), and the Lower Canister Module(3 b) in Position I. This view gives a more detailed view of the inter-relationships between the Control Module and Canister Modules in Position I, and details the items comprising the Upper Differential Mechanism, the Upper Pressure Path, and the Shifting Mechanism.

FIG. 4. is an expanded and fragmentary view of the Control Module(2), the Upper Canister Module(3 a), and the Lower Canister Module(3 b) in Position II. This view gives a more detailed view of the inter-relationships between the Control Module(2) and the Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) in Position II, and details the items comprising the Lower Differential Pressure Mechanism, the Lower Pressure Path, and the Shifting Mechanism.

FIG. 5 a. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) in a threaded configuration.

FIG. 5 b. is a side view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) in a flanged configuration.

FIG. 6. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Port Controls(7,19).

FIG. 7. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Compression Walls(13,45).

FIG. 8. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Control Head(17).

FIG. 9. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Pressure Pistons(15,47).

FIG. 10. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Flow Walls(10,42).

FIG. 11 a. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) adapted for larger Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) in a threaded configuration.

FIG. 11 b. is a side view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) adapted for larger Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) in a flanged configuration.

FIG. 12 a. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) adapted for smaller Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) in a threaded configuration.

FIG. 12 b. is an enlarged and perspective view of the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) adapted for smaller Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) in a flanged configuration.

FIG. 13. is a view of the Actuator System fitted with a smaller Upper Canister Module(3 a) and a larger Lower Canister Module(3 b) used in the same configuration. It also shows a Connecting Rod Extension(86) connected to a Connecting Rod(23 a) inside Lower Canister Module(3 b) in a single end application.

FIG. 14. is an enlarged and perspective view of the End Caps(57,61) in a threaded configuration with a sealed smooth through hole which allows the Connecting Rod(23 b or 23 c) to extend outside the Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b).

FIG. 15. is an enlarged and perspective view of the End Caps(57,61) in a threaded configuration with a large threaded through hole for pumping applications.

FIG. 16. is an enlarged and perspective view of the End Caps(57,61) in a threaded configuration with two smaller threaded through holes for pumping applications.

FIG. 17 a. is an enlarged and perspective view of the End Caps(57,61) in a threaded configuration with no through holes for single end applications.

FIG. 17 b. is a side view of End Caps(57,61) in a flanged configuration.

FIG. 18. is a side view of the Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, 23 c) in three different configurations; Connecting Rod (23 a) is used in pump type applications; Connecting Rod (23 b) is used in a single end press or reciprocating type application, or may be used to perform a press and pump type application simultaneously; Connecting Rod(23 c) is used in double end press or reciprocating type applications.

FIG. 19 a. is an enlarged and perspective view of a Stroke Shortener(81).

FIG. 19 b. is a fragmented view of a Canister Module(3 a or 3 b) showing placement of the Stroke Shortener(81) in a Canister Module(3 a or 3 b).

FIG. 20. is an exploded and perspective view of a Metal Trap(82).

FIG. 21. is a fragmented view of a Canister Module(3 a or 3 b) showing placement of the Metal Trap(82) in conjunction with a Stroke Shortener(81),

FIG. 22. is a fragmented view of a Canister Module(3 a or 3 b) showing placement of the Metal Trap(82) without a Stroke Shortener.

FIG. 23. is a fragmented side view of a Connecting Rod(23 a) end with a Canister Piston Head(22,24) and self locking nut(85 a).

FIG. 24. is a fragmented side view of a Connecting Rod Extension(86) which has self locking threads in the end.

FIG. 25. is a fragmented side view of the Connecting Rod Extension(86) attached to a Connecting Rod(23 a).

FIG. 26. is a fragmented perspective view of the Connecting Rod Extension(86) attached to the Connecting Rod(23 a).

FIG. 27. is a side view of the actuator system used in a double end pump type application with Connecting Rod(23 a).

FIG. 28. is a side view of the actuator system in a double end press or reciprocating type application with Connecting Rod(23 c).

FIG. 29. is a side view of the actuator system in a single end press or reciprocating application at one end of the Actuator System(1) and a pumping application at the other end of the Actuator System(1) with Connecting Rod(23 b).

FIG. 30. is a view of a Modified Control Module, (the modified embodiment), and Canister Modules when using the Actuator System(1) with external switching devices in Position II in a single end press or reciprocating application.

FIG. 31. is a view of a Modified Control Module, (the modified embodiment), and Canister Modules when using the Actuator System(1) with external switching devices in Position I in a single end press or reciprocating application.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.

Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience in reference only and will not be limiting. For example, the words “upwardly” “downwardly” “rightwardly,” and “leftwardly” will refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inwardly” and “outwardly” will refer to directions toward and away from respectively, the geometric center of the embodiment being described and designated parts thereof. Said terminology will include the words specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.

Fluid medium means liquid, air stream, steam, or gas, or any combination thereof. The present invention is driven by a fluid medium.

The reference numeral 1 generally refers the J-ME Modular, Internally Shifting, Double Acting, Linear Fluid Actuator System, (hereinafter referred to as the “Actuator System”), in accordance with the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 through 31. The Actuator System(1) generally includes a Control Module(2), an Upper Canister Module(3 a), and a Lower Canister Module(3 b), an Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20), and a Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Control Module(2) generally consists of a cylindrical tube that serves as the Control Module Outer Wall(34), and consists of the following ports and mechanisms: The Control Module(2) contains an Upper Supply Port(5) and a Lower Supply Port(6) which allow a fluid medium into the Control Module(2) from the Supply Line(4); An Upper Exhaust Port(53) and a Lower Exhaust Port(29) which allow a fluid medium to exit the Control Module(2) to the Return Line(30) (FIGS. 1-4); an Upper Port Control(19), which is attached to a set of Shifting Rods(35), which configures the Upper Supply Port(5) into the Upper Flow Chamber(9) and the Upper Exhaust Port(53) into Isolation Chamber C (40) in Position I (FIGS. 1,3), and configures the Upper Supply Port(5) into Isolation Chamber A (36), and the Upper Exhaust Port(53) into the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37) in Position II (FIGS. 2,4); a Lower Port Control(7), which is attached to set of Shifting Rods(35), which configures Lower Supply Port(6) into Isolation Chamber B(8) and the Lower Exhaust Port(29) into the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28) in Position I (FIGS. 1,3) and configures the Lower Supply Port(6) into the Lower Flow Chamber(38) and the Lower Exhaust Port(29) into Isolation Chamber D (39) (FIGS. 2,4); the Upper Port Control(19) and the Lower Port Control(7) each have a Port Control Passage(18 and 49), two Shutoff Spears(58), a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), and a Sealed Outer Edge(69) (FIG. 6).

The Control Module(2) contains the Upper Flow Wall(10) which when used in conjunction with the Upper Port Control(19) forms Isolation Chamber A(36) (FIGS. 2,4), and provides a passage for the fluid medium to pass from the Upper Relief Chamber(11) to the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37) (FIGS. 2,4). When the Upper Flow Wall(10) is not used in conjunction with the Upper Port Control(19) it creates a passage from the Upper Flow Chamber(9) to the Upper Relief Chamber(11) (FIGS. 1,3). The Upper Flow Wall(10) also serves as an outer wall to the Upper Relief Chamber(11) (FIGS. 1-4)

The Control Module(2) contains the Lower Flow Wall(42) which when used in conjunction with the Lower Port Control(7) forms Isolation Chamber B(8) (FIGS. 1,3) and provides a passage for the fluid medium to pass from the Lower Relief Chamber(43) to the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28) (FIGS. 1,3). When the Lower Flow Wall(42) is not used in conjunction with the Lower Port Control(7) it creates a passage from the Lower Flow Chamber(38) to the Lower Relief Chamber(43) (FIGS. 2,4), the Lower Flow Wall(42) also serves as an outer wall to the Lower Relief Chamber(43) (FIGS. 14); the Upper Flow Wall(10) and the Lower Flow Wall(42) each have a Port Control Receiving Orifice(70), a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), and a Sealed Outer Edge(69) (FIG. 10).

The Upper Relief Chamber(11) is an open chamber and lies between the Upper Flow Wall(10) and the Upper Compression Wall(13), it contains the Upper Relief Valve(32) (FIGS. 1-4); the Lower Relief Chamber(43) is an open chamber and lies between the Lower Flow Wall(42) and the Lower Compression Wall(45), it contains the Lower Relief Valve(52) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Upper Relief Valve(32) is set to a predetermined pressure and releases pressure from the Upper Relief Chamber(11), the Upper Flow Chamber(9), the Upper Port Control Passage(18), the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(50), the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21), the Supply Line (4), and Isolation Chamber B (8), which collectively embody the Upper Pressure Path, and the Upper Relief Valve(32) directs the pressure into the Return Line(30) in a hydraulic system or possibly into the atmosphere in a pneumatic system (FIG. 3).

The Lower Relief Valve(52) is set to a predetermined pressure and releases pressure from the Lower Relief Chamber(43), the Lower Flow Chamber(38), the Lower Port Control Passage(49), the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(26), the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25), the Supply Line (4), and Isolation Chamber A (36), which collectively embody the Lower Pressure Path, and the Lower Relief Valve(52) directs the pressure into the Return Line(30) in a hydraulic system or possibly into the atmosphere in a pneumatic system (FIG. 4).

The Upper Compression Wall(13) forms the inner wall of the Upper Relief Chamber(11) and the outer wall of the Upper Control Chamber(14) (FIGS. 1-4). The Upper Compression Wall(13) contains the Upper One Way Valve(12) which allows pressurized fluid medium into the Upper Control Chamber(14), the Upper Relief Orifice(41) which allows pressure to slowly dissipate from the Upper Control Chamber(14), a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), and a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67) (FIGS. 7,3,4)

The Upper Relief Valve(32) and the Upper Compression Wall(13) collectively form the Upper Differential Pressure Mechanism. (FIG. 3)

The Lower Compression Wall(45) forms the inner wall of the Lower Relief Chamber(43) and the outer wall of the Lower Control Chamber(46) (FIGS. 1-4). The Lower Compression Wall(45) contains the Lower One Way Valve(44) which allows pressurized fluid medium into the Lower Control Chamber(46), the Lower Relief Orifice(54) which allows pressure to slowly dissipate from the Lower Control Chamber(46), a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), and a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67) (FIGS. 7,3,4).

The Lower Relief Valve(52) and the Lower Compression Wall(45) collectively form the Lower Differential Pressure Mechanism. (FIG. 4).

The Upper Control Chamber(14) is formed between the Upper Compression Wall(13) as its outer boundary and the Upper Pressure Piston(15) as its inward boundary (FIGS. 1-4). The fluid medium in the Upper Control Chamber(14) pushes against the Upper Pressure Piston(15) and expands as pressure is applied from the Upper Compression Wall(13); the Upper Control Chamber(14) returns to its original configuration as pressure is released through the Upper Relief Orifice(41) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Lower Control Chamber(46) is formed between the Lower Compression Wall(45) as its outer boundary and the Lower Pressure Piston(47) as its inward boundary; The fluid medium in the Lower Control Chamber(46) pushes against the Lower Pressure Piston(47) and expands as pressure is applied from the Lower Compression Wall(45) through the Lower One Way Valve(44); the Lower Control Chamber(46) returns to its original configuration as pressure is released through the Lower Relief Orifice(54) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Upper Pressure Piston(15) is used to compress the Upper Control Spring(16) (FIGS. 1-4); It contains a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67), and a Sealed Outer Edge(69) (FIG. 9).

The Lower Pressure Piston(47) is used to compress the Lower Control Spring(48) (FIGS. 1-4); it contains a set of Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67), and a Sealed Outer Edge(69) (FIG. 9).

The Upper Pressure Piston(15) and the Lower Pressure Piston(47) define the boundaries of the Shifting Chamber(90). The Shifting Chamber(90) contains the Upper Control Spring(16), the Lower Control Spring(48), the Control Head(17), and Actuator Control Plungers(33) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Upper Control Spring(16) is used to transfer force from the Upper Pressure Piston(15) to the Control Head(17) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Lower Control Spring(48) is used to transfer force from the Lower Pressure Piston B(47) to the Control Head(17) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Control Head(17) is affixed to a set of Shifting Rods(35) (FIGS. 1-4), which are attached to the Upper Port Control(19) and the Lower Port Control(7); the Control Head(7), Shifting Rods(35), Upper Port Control(19), and Lower Port Control(7) collectively embody the Shifting Mechanism.

The Control Head(17) is tapered which allows smoother transition from Position I to Position II, or from Position II to Position I. It contains Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66), and a Control Head Through Hole(68) (FIG. 8).

Actuator Control Plungers(33) maintain a preset pressure against the Control Head(17) until sufficient differential pressure is forced on the Control Head(17) to force the Actuator Control Plungers(33) into the Control Module Outer Wall(34) and push the Control Head(17) to a different shifting configuration defined by Position I or Position II (FIGS. 1-4)

The Control Head Stops(63) define the limits of travel of the Control Head(17) (FIGS. 3-4), and also define the limits of travel of the Shifting Mechanism.

A set of Shifting Rods(35) connect the Upper Port Control(19) and the Lower Port Control(7) to the Control Head (17); the Control Head(7), Shifting Rods(35), Upper Port Control(19), and Lower Port Control(7) collectively embody the Shifting Mechanism. The Shifting Rods(35) are slideably mounted and pass through Sealed Shifting Rod Holes(66) which may be sealed by but not limited to O-rings, Rod Seals, or precision drilled holes as they pass through the Upper Port Control(19), the Upper Flow Wall(10), the Upper Compression Wall(13), the Upper Pressure Piston(15), the Control Head(17), the Lower Pressure Piston(47), the Lower Compression Wall(45), the Lower Flow Wall(42), and the Lower Port Control(7) (FIGS. 1-4,6,7,8,9,10). The Control Head(17) and Port Controls(7,19) may be attached to the Shifting Rods(35) by, but not limited to Clips(85 b) (FIGS. 3,4) or thread(88) and locking nut(85 a).

A Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) (FIGS. 18,27,28,29) is slideably mounted and runs centrally through the entire length of the Control Module(2) and into the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and the Lower Canister Module(3 b) (FIGS. 1-4); The Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) passes through Sealed Connecting Rod Holes(67) (FIGS. 7,9) which are sealed by but not limited to O-rings, Rod Seals, and precision drilled holes located in the Upper Compression Wall(13), the Upper Pressure Piston(15), the Lower Pressure Piston(47), and the Lower Compression Wall(45) (FIGS. 1-4).

In double end pump type applications, the Connecting Rod(23 a) is attached on the ends by the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) by, including but not limited to, clips(85 b) (FIGS. 3,4), threads(88) (FIG. 18) and self-locking nut(85 a) (FIGS. 27,29), or press fit. (FIGS. 1,18, 23, 27).

In double end press or reciprocating type applications, the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) are attached to the Connecting Rod(23 c) within the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and the Lower Canister Module(3 b), but the Connecting Rod(23 c) extends past the Canister Piston Heads(22,24), and passes through a Sealed Hole End Cap(57 or 61) (FIG. 14), and extends outside the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and the Lower Canister Module(3 b) (FIGS. 18, 28).

In press or reciprocating applications where a Connecting Rod(23 a) end may need a greater cross sectional area, a Connecting Rod Extension(86) is utilized (FIGS. 24,25,26,13).

In an application where a press or reciprocating application is performed at one end of the Actuator System(1) and a pumping type application is performed at the other end of the Actuator System(1), Connecting Rod(23 b) is utilized (FIGS. 18,29).

In a single end press or reciprocating type application is performed, Connecting Rod(23 b) is utilized (FIGS. 18,30).

The Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20) connects the Control Module(2) to the Upper Canister Module(3 a). The Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20) has an Upper Adjustment Plate Passage(50), which allows the fluid medium to pass into the Upper Canister Module(3 a) from the Control Module(2), and allows the fluid medium to return to the Control Module(2) from the Upper Canister Module(3 a) (FIGS. 1-4), the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(50) also serves as an Upper Port Control Receiving Orifice(70); the Canister Adjustment Plates(20,27) each have a Control Module Adapter(71) and a Canister Module Adapter(72) which allows the Control Module(2) to connect to Canister Modules(3 a or 3 b) that are smaller than the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 12 a, 12 b, 13), the same size as the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 5 a, 5 b, 1), or larger than the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 11 a, 11 b, 13). The Canister Module Adapter(72) and the Control Module Adapter(71) may attach by, but not limited to threads or flanges (FIGS. 5 a, 5 b, 11 a, 11 b, 12 a, 12 b). When the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20) works in conjunction with the Upper Port Control(19) it forms Isolation Chamber C(40) (FIGS. 1,3) and forms a fluid passage with the Upper Port Control(19) that allows fluid to enter the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) from the Upper Flow Chamber(9) (FIGS. 1,3) When the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20) does not work in conjunction with the Upper Port Control(19) it forms a fluid passage from the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) to the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37) (FIGS. 2,4).

The Upper Canister Module(3 a) generally consists of a cylindrical tube that serves as the Upper Canister Outer Wall(60), and consists of the following parts and mechanisms:

The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) houses the Upper Canister Spring(51) (FIGS. 1-4), the Metal Trap(82) (FIGS. 20,21,22), and in specific situations a Stroke Shortener(81) (FIGS. 19 a, 19 b, 21). The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) is an open chamber and receives pressurized fluid from the Upper Flow Chamber(9) and expels fluid to the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37). The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber's(21) inner wall is the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20) and its moveable outer wall is the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Upper Canister Piston Head(22) applies the work force to perform the various functions of the Upper Canister Module(3 a). It is attached to the Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) (FIG. 18). It is attached to the Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) by, but not limited to clips, threads and nuts, or a pressed fit. It has a sealed surface with the Upper Canister Outer Wall(60). The Upper Canister Piston Head(22) serves as the moveable outer wall of The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) and serves as the moveable inner wall of the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55). The Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is pressured by the fluid medium on the Extension Stroke. It is never pressured by the fluid medium on the Retraction Stroke. (FIGS. 1-4) The inner surface of The Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is always in contact with the fluid medium. It can be in contact with product fluid on its outer surface during pumping applications(FIGS. 1,27), or it can be in contact with the atmosphere or a gaseous substance through a Service Breather Tube(64) in press type applications which may include, but not limited to pressing, stamping, clamping, punching applications; timing applications; reciprocal applications; or other functions. (FIGS. 27,28, 29)

The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) contains the Upper Canister Spring(51) (FIGS. 1-4). The Upper Canister Spring(51) cushions the inward movement of the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), and provides resistance to the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) (FIGS. 1-4). It also provides mechanical energy to assist the fluid medium at the beginning of the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) extension stroke.

The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) may contain a Metal Trap(82) (FIGS. 20,21,22). The Metal Trap(82) traps tiny metal shavings which may enter the fluid medium through wear and abrasion. The Metal Trap(82) protects the Actuator System(1) from excessive wear due to the metal shavings and extends the life of the Actuator System(1) and peripheral equipment.

The Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) may contain a Stroke Shortener(81) (FIGS. 19 a, 19 b, 21). In cases where the stroke length of the Actuator System(1) needs to be shortened, the Stroke Shortener(81) provides that function. Stroke Shorteners(81) may be of varying lengths.

The Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) lies between the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) and the Upper Canister End Cap(57). It contains a set of Service Ports(56, 64) (FIGS. 1-4). The Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) may perform the work of a pump chamber when used in conjunction with the Upper Outer One Way Valve Set(83) (FIGS. 1,27), or the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) may serve as a relief chamber when fitted with a Service Port Breather Tube(64) (FIGS. 28,29).

The Service Ports(56, 64) may be used with, including but not limited to: Breather Tubes, One Way Valves, Plugs, Pressure Gauges, or Relief Valves, Accumulators, or Pulse Dampeners.

The Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) connects the Control Module(2) to the Lower Canister Module(3 b). The Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) has a Lower Adjustment Plate Passage(26), which allows the fluid medium to pass into the Lower Canister Module(3 b) from the Control Module(2), and allows the fluid medium to return to the Control Module(2) from the Lower Canister Module(3 b) (FIGS. 1-4), the Lower Adjustment Plate Passage(26) also serves as a Lower Port Control Receiving Orifice(70); the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(3 b) has a Control Module Adapter(71) and a Canister Module Adapter(72) which allows the Control Module(2) to connect to Canister Modules(3 a or 3 b) that are smaller than the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 12 a, 12 b, 13), the same size as the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 5 a, 5 b, 1), or larger than the Control Module(2) (FIGS. 11 a, 11 b, 13). The Canister Module Adapter(72) and the Control Module Adapter(71) may attach by threads or flanges(FIGS. 5 a, 5 b, 11 a, 11 b, 12 a, 12 b). When the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) works in conjunction with the Lower Port Control(7) it forms Isolation Chamber D(39) (FIGS. 2,4) and forms a fluid passage with the Lower Port Control(7) that allows fluid to enter the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) from the Lower Flow Chamber(38) (FIGS. 2,4). When the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) does not work in conjunction with the Lower Port Control(7) it forms a fluid passage from the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) to the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28) (FIGS. 1,3).

The Lower Canister Module(3 b) generally consists of a cylindrical tube that serves as the Lower Canister Outer Wall(62), and consists of the following parts and mechanisms:

The Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) houses the Lower Canister Spring(31) (FIGS. 1-4), the Metal Trap(82) (FIGS. 20,21,22), and in specific situations a Stroke Shortener(81) (FIGS. 19 a, 19 b, 21). The Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) is an open chamber and receives pressurized fluid from the Lower Flow Chamber(38) and expels fluid to the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28). the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber's(25) inner wall is the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27) and its moveable outer wall is the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) (FIGS. 1-4).

The Lower Canister Piston Head(24) applies the work force to perform the various functions of the Lower Canister Module(3 b). It is attached to the Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) (FIG. 18). It is attached to the Connecting Rod (23 a, or 23 b, or 23 c) by, but not limited to, clips, threads and nuts, or a pressed fit. It has a sealed surface with the Lower Canister Outer Wall(62). The Lower Canister Piston Head(24) serves as the moveable outer wall of the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25), and serves as the moveable inner wall of the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59). The Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is pressured by the fluid medium on the Extension Stroke. It is never pressured by the fluid medium on the Retraction Stroke. (FIGS. 1-4) The inner surface of the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is always in contact with the fluid medium. It can be in contact with product fluid on its outer surface during pumping applications (FIGS. 1,27), or it can be in contact with the atmosphere or a gaseous substance through a Service Port Breather Tube(64) in press type applications which may include, but not limited to pressing, stamping, clamping, punching applications; timing applications; reciprocal applications; or other functions. (FIGS. 28, 29)

The Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) contains the Lower Canister Spring(31) (FIGS. 1-4). The Lower Canister Spring(31) cushions the inward movement of the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), and provides resistance to the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) (FIGS. 1-4). It also provides mechanical energy to assist the fluid medium at the beginning of the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) extension stroke.

The Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) may contain a Metal Trap(82) (FIGS. 20,21,22). The Metal Trap(82) traps tiny metal shavings which may enter the fluid medium through wear and abrasion. The Metal Trap(82) protects the Actuator System(1) from excessive wear due to the metal shavings and extends the life of the Actuator System(1) and peripheral equipment.

The Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) may contain a Stroke Shortener (81) (FIGS. 19 a, 19 b, 21). In cases where the stroke length of the Actuator System(1) needs to be shortened, the Stroke Shortener(81) provides that function. Stroke Shorteners(81) may be of varying lengths.

The Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) lies between the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) and the Lower Canister End Cap(61). It contains a set of Service Ports(56, 64) (FIGS. 1-4). The Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) may perform the work of a pump chamber when used in conjunction with the Lower Outer One Way Valve Set(84) (FIGS. 1,27), or the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) may serve as a relief chamber when fitted with a Service Port Breather Tube(64) (FIGS. 28,29).

The Service Ports(56, 64) may be used with, including but not limited to: Breather Tubes, One Way Valves, Plugs, Pressure Gauges, Relief Valves, Accumulators, or Pulse Dampeners.

Modified or Alternative Embodiment

In applications where external switching is needed or preferred, a Modified Control Module(65) (FIGS. 30,31) allows external switching while maintaining central control of the Actuator System(1) and modular efficiency.

The Modified Control Module(65) consists of a cylindrical tube which serves as the Modified Control Module's(65) Outer Wall(34 a). It has two Receiving/Exhaust Ports(5 a, 6 a) (FIGS. 30,31), and two threaded or flanged open ends to connect to Canister Adjustment Plates. The Modified Control Module(65) is connected to the external switching means by the Upper Supply/Return Line(77) and the Lower Supply/Return Line (78). The Modified Control Module(65) contains: an Upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(75); a Lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(76); a Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall(73); Center Wall Retainers(74); and a Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c) (FIGS. 18,30,31)

The Upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(75) is an open chamber and directs fluid medium flow into and out of the Upper Canister Module(3 a). Its outer wall is the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20), and its inner wall is the Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall(73) (FIGS. 30,31).

The Lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(76) is an open chamber and directs fluid medium flow into and out of the Lower Canister Module(3 b). Its outer wall is the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27), and its inner wall is the Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall(73) (FIGS. 30,31).

The Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall(73) forms the inner wall of the Upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(75) and the Lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(76). It contains a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67) which may be sealed by, including but not limited to O-rings, rod seals, or precision drilled holes. The Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall(73) is held in place by Center Wall Retainers(74) (FIGS. 30,31).

A Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c) (FIGS. 18,30,31) is slideably mounted and runs centrally through the entire length of the Modified Control Module(65) and into the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and the Lower Canister Module(3 b). The Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c) passes through a Sealed Connecting Rod Hole(67) located in the Fixed Sealed Center Wall(73).

In double end pump type applications, the Connecting Rod(23 a) is attached on the ends by the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) by, including but not limited to, clips(85 b) (FIGS. 3,4), threads(88) (FIG. 18) and self-locking nut(85 a) (FIGS. 30,31), or press fit. (FIG. 18).

In double end press or reciprocating type applications, the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) are attached to the Connecting Rod(23 c) within the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and Lower Canister Module(3 b), but the Connecting Rod(23 c) extends past the Canister Piston Heads(22,24), and passes through a Sealed Hole End Cap(57 or 61) (FIG. 14), and extends outside the Upper Canister Module(3 a) and the Lower Canister Module(3 b) (FIGS. 18, 28).

In press or reciprocating applications where a Connecting Rod(23 a) end may need a greater cross sectional area, a Connecting Rod Extension(86) is utilized (FIGS. 24,25,26,13).

In an application where a press or reciprocating application is performed at one end of the Actuator System(1) and a pumping type application is performed at the other end of the Actuator System(1), Connecting Rod(23 b) is utilized (FIGS. 18,29).

In a single end press or reciprocating type application is performed, Connecting Rod(23 b) is utilized (FIGS. 18,30).

Applications:

For clarity, this description of an application of the J-ME Modular, Internally Shifting, Double Acting, Linear Fluid Actuator System(1) will begin from Position I as demonstrated by FIGS. 1 and 3. In Position I (FIGS. 1,3), Upper Port Control(19) allows a fluid medium into the Control Module(2) through the Upper Flow Chamber(9) which opens the Upper Supply Port(5), and blocks the Upper Exhaust Port(53) by forming Isolation Chamber C(40). The Lower Port Control(7) blocks the Lower Supply Port(6) by forming Isolation Chamber B(8) and allows fluid to leave the Control Module(2) into the Return Line(30) by forming the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28) which effectively opens the Lower Exhaust Port(29).

In an application of the present invention a pressurized fluid medium of liquid, or air stream, or steam, or gas, (collectively referenced as fluid medium), is transmitted through the Supply Line(4) to the Actuator System(1). Fluid flows continuously down Supply Line(4), to the Upper Supply Port(5), and to the Lower Supply Port(6). Fluid at the Lower Supply Port(6), is stopped by the Lower Port Control(7), which forms Isolation Chamber B(8) (FIGS. 1,3).

Pressurized fluid medium at the Upper Supply Port(5), is allowed to enter the Control Module(2) at the Upper Flow Chamber(9). Fluid passes through the Upper Port Control Passage(18), and through the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20), into the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) through the Metal Trap (82), which traps tiny metal shavings (FIGS. 20,22), and in certain applications past the Stroke Shortener (81) (FIGS. 19 a, 21), forcing Upper Canister Piston Head(22) outward. Fluid also travels through the Upper Flow Wall(10), through the Upper Relief Chamber(11), through the Upper One Way Valve(12), which is located in the Upper Compression Wall(13), into the Upper Control Chamber(14), and pushes against the Upper Pressure Piston(15), which compresses the Upper Control Spring(16), against the Control Head(17).

In a pumping application, as the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), is forced outward product fluid in the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) is forced out of the Upper Canister Module(3 a) through the Threaded Through Hole(79) of the Upper Canister End Cap(57), and through the Upper One Way Valve Set(83) at One Way Valve (83 a) (FIG. 1).

In a press or reciprocating type application, as the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is forced outward air or gas is forced out of the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) and exits the Upper Canister Module(3 a) through a Service Port Breather Tube (64) (FIGS. 28,29). The Connecting Rod(23 b, 23 c) (FIGS. 18,28,29) or the Connecting Rod Extension (86) (FIGS. 24,25,26,13), which protrudes through a Sealed Hole (67) in the Upper Canister End Cap (57) (FIG. 14), is forced outward from the Upper Canister Module(3 a) to perform the extension stroke of its press or reciprocating type application. (FIGS. 28,29)

As the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), is forced outward the Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c), which is attached to the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), pulls the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), inward. As the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), travels inward, fluid medium is forced out of the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25), through the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(26), which is located through the center of the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27), through the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28), and exits the Control Module (2) through the Lower Exhaust Port(29), into the Return Line (30). The Lower Canister Piston Head(24), travels inward until it contacts the Lower Canister Spring(3 1), which defines inward movement of the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), and outward movement of the Upper Canister Piston Head(22). Pressure increases in Supply Line(4), Isolation Chamber B (8), the Upper Flow Chamber(9), the Upper Port Control Passage(18), the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(50), the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21), and the Upper Relief Chamber(11), which collectively embody the Upper Pressure Path. Pressure also increases in the Upper Control Chamber(14) (FIGS. 1,3).

In a pumping type application, as the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), is forced inward a vacuum develops in the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59), and pulls product fluid into the Actuator System (1) through the Lower One Way Valve Set(84) through One Way Valve(84 b), through the Threaded Through Hole(79) of the Lower Canister End Cap(61), and into the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59), which is in located in the Lower Canister Module(3 b) (FIG. 1).

In a press or reciprocating type application, as the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is pulled inward, air or gas is pulled into the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) through a Service Port Breather Tube(64) (FIGS. 28,29). The Connecting Rod(23 b, 23 c) (FIGS. 18,28,29) or the Connecting Rod Extension(86) (FIGS. 24,25,26,13) which protrudes through a Sealed Hole(67) in the Lower Canister End Cap(61) (FIG. 14), is pulled inward toward the Lower Canister Module(3 b) to perform the retraction stroke of the press or reciprocating type application. (FIGS. 28,29,13).

Pressure increases in Supply Line (4), Isolation Chamber B(8), the Upper Flow Chamber(9), the Upper Port Control Passage(18), the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(50), the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21), and the Upper Relief Chamber(11), which collectively embody the Upper Pressure Path. Pressure also increases in the Upper Control Chamber(14) (FIGS. 1,3).

The Upper Relief Valve(32), and the Upper Compression Wall(13) collectively embody the Upper Differential Pressure Mechanism. (FIG. 3)

When pressure reaches a predetermined limit the Upper Relief Valve(32), releases pressure into Return Line(30) in a hydraulic system or in some pneumatic systems into the atmosphere, thus causing a reduction in pressure in the Upper Pressure Path. (FIG. 3).

Pressure is maintained in the Upper Control Chamber(14), by the Upper Compression Wall(13), which creates a positive pressure differential and maintains pressure on the Upper Pressure Piston(15), which compresses the Upper Control Spring(16) against Control Head(17). The Control Head(17), the Shifting Rods(35), the Upper Port Control(19), and the Lower Port Control(7) collectively embody the Shifting Mechanism. The positive differential force maintained on the Control Head by the Upper Control Chamber(14), the Upper Pressure Piston(15), and the Upper Control Spring(16) is sufficient to force the Control Head past Actuator Control Plungers(33), which are set to a predetermined pressure rating, into the Control Module Outer Wall(34), and move the Shifting Mechanism from Position I (FIGS. 1,3) to Position II (FIGS. 2,4).

The Shifting Mechanism moves to Position II (FIGS. 2,4), thereby: Forming Isolation Chamber A(36), which effectively blocks the Upper Supply Port(5), and forming the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37) which opens the Upper Exhaust Port(53). And opening the Lower Flow Chamber(38), which effectively opens the Lower Supply Port(6), and forming Isolation Chamber D(39), which effectively blocks the Lower Exhaust Port(29) (FIGS. 2,4).

Pressure is slowly released from the Upper Control Chamber(14), through the Upper Relief Orifice(41), which allows the Upper Control Chamber(14), to decompress thereby releasing pressure from the Upper Pressure Piston(15), the Upper Control Spring(16), and Control Head(17) (FIGS. 2,4).

Fluid at the Lower Supply Port(6), is allowed to enter Control Module (2) at the Lower Flow Chamber(38). Fluid passes through the Lower Port Control Passage(49), and through the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27), into the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) forcing the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) outward. Fluid also travels through the Lower Flow Wall(42), through the Lower Relief Chamber(43), through the Lower One Way Valve(44), which is located in the Lower Compression Wall(45), into the Lower Control Chamber(46), and pushes against the Lower Pressure Piston(47), and compresses the Lower Control Spring(48), against the Control Head(17) (FIGS. 2,4).

In a pumping application, as the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), is forced outward product fluid in the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) is forced out of the Lower Canister Module(3 b) through the Threaded Through Hole(79) of the Lower Canister End Cap(61), and through the Lower One Way Valve Set(84) at One Way Valve(84 b) (FIG. 2).

In a press or reciprocating type application, as the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is forced outward air or gas is forced out of the Lower Canister Work Chamber(59) and exits the Lower Canister Module(3 b) through a Service Port Breather Tube(64). The Connecting Rod(23 b, 23 c) (FIGS. 18,28,29) or the Connecting Rod Extension (86) (FIGS. 24,25,26,13), which protrudes through a Sealed Hole(67) in the Lower Canister End Cap(61) (FIG. 14), is forced outward from the Lower Canister Module(3 b) to perform the extension stroke of its press or reciprocating type application. (FIGS. 28,29)

As the Lower Canister Piston Head(24), is forced outward the Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c), which is attached to the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) and the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), pulls the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), inward. As the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), travels inward, fluid is forced out of the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21), through the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(50), which is located through the center of the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20), through the Upper Exhaust Chamber(37), and exits the Control Module(2) through the Upper Exhaust Port(53), into the Return Line (30). the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), travels inward until it contacts the Upper Canister Spring(51), which defines inward movement of the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), and outward movement of the Lower Canister Piston(24). Pressure increases in Supply Line (4), Isolation Chamber A (36), the Lower Flow Chamber(38), the Lower Port Control Passage(49), the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(26), the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25), and the Lower Relief Chamber(43), which collectively embody the Lower Pressure Path. Pressure also increases in the Lower Control Chamber(46) (FIGS. 2,4).

In a pumping type application, as the Upper Canister Piston Head(22), is forced inward a vacuum develops in the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55), and pulls product fluid into the the Upper Canister Module(3 a) through the Upper One Way Valve Set(83) through One Way Valve(83 b), through the Threaded Through Hole(79) of the Upper Canister End Cap(57), and into the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) (FIG. 2).

In a press or reciprocating type application, as the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is pulled inward, air or gas is pulled into the Upper Canister Work Chamber(55) through a Service Port Breather Tube(64). The Connecting Rod(23 b, 23 c) (FIGS. 18,28.29) or the Connecting Rod Extension(86) (FIGS. 24,25,26,13) which protrudes through a Sealed Hole(67) in the Upper Canister End Cap(57) (FIG. 14), is pulled inward toward the Upper Canister Module(3 a) to perform the retraction stroke of the press or reciprocating type application. (FIGS. 13,28,29).

Pressure increases in Supply Line (4), Isolation Chamber A(36), the Lower Flow Chamber(38), the Lower Port Control Passage(49), the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate Passage(26), the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25), and the Lower Relief Chamber(43), which collectively embody the Lower Pressure Path (FIG. 4). Pressure also increases in the Lower Control Chamber(46).

The Lower Relief Valve(52), and the Lower Compression Wall(45) collectively embody the Lower Differential Pressure Mechanism.

When pressure reaches a predetermined limit the Lower Relief Valve(52), releases pressure into the Return Line(30) in a hydraulic system or in some pneumatic systems into the atmosphere, thus causing a reduction in pressure in the Lower Pressure Path.

Pressure is maintained in the Lower Control Chamber(46), by the Lower Compression Wall(45), which creates a positive pressure differential and maintains pressure on the Lower Pressure Piston(47), which compresses the Lower Control Spring(48) against Control Head(17). The Control Head, Shifting Rods, Upper Port Control, and Lower Port Control collectively embody the Shifting Mechanism. The positive differential force maintained on the Control Head by the Lower Control Chamber(46), the Lower Pressure Piston(47), and the Lower Control Spring(48) is sufficient to force the Control Head past Actuator Control Plungers(33), which are set to a predetermined pressure rating, into the Control Module Outer Wall(34), and move the Shifting Mechanism from Position II (FIGS. 2,4) to Position I (FIGS. 1,3).

The Shifting Mechanism moves to Position I (FIGS. 1,3), thereby: Forming Isolation Chamber B(8), which effectively blocks the Lower Supply Port(6), and forming the Lower Exhaust Chamber(28) which opens the Lower Exhaust Port(29). And opening the Upper Flow Chamber(9), which effectively opens the Upper Supply Port(56), and forming Isolation Chamber C(40), which effectively blocks the Upper Exhaust Port(53).

Pressure is slowly released from the Lower Control Chamber(46), through the Lower Relief Orifice(54), which allows the Lower Control Chamber(46), to decompress thereby releasing pressure from the Lower Pressure Piston(47), the Lower Control Spring(48), and Control Head(17).

Modified or Alternative Embodiment

For clarity, this description of an application of the Modified Control Module(65) will begin from Position I (FIG. 31) and will only describe flow of the fluid medium through the Modified Control Module(65), because all functions of the Canister Modules(3 a and 3 b) are the same as previously described.

As a pressurized fluid medium is sent from an External Switching Device, it flows from the External Switching Device through the Upper Supply/Return Line(77). The fluid medium enters the Modified Control Module(65) through the Upper Supply/Exhaust Port(5 a) and Enters the Upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(75). The fluid medium is directed to the Upper Canister Module(3 a) through the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20), and enters the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21). The fluid medium forces the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) outward on its extension stroke. The Upper Canister Piston Head(22) and the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) are connected by the Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c). As the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is forced outward, the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is pulled inward on its retraction stroke. Pressure is never applied to either Canister Piston Head(22, or 24) on the retraction stroke. As the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is pulled inward, fluid medium exits the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25) through the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27). into the Lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(76) and out of Modified Control Module(65) through the Lower Supply/Exhaust Port(6 a), and returns to the External Switching Device via the Lower Supply/Return Line(78).

When the External Switching Device reverses flow to Position II, the pressurized fluid medium flows from the External Switching Device through the Lower Supply/Return Line(78). The fluid medium enters the Modified Control Module(65) through the Lower Supply/Exhaust Port(6 a) and Enters the Lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(76). The fluid medium is directed to the Lower Canister Module(3 b) through the Lower Canister Adjustment Plate(27), and enters the Lower Canister Fluid Chamber(25). The fluid medium forces the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) outward on its extension stroke. The Lower Canister Piston Head(24) and the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) are connected by the Connecting Rod(23 a, 23 b, or 23 c). As the Lower Canister Piston Head(24) is forced outward, the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is pulled inward on its retraction stroke. Pressure is never applied to either Canister Piston Head(22, or 24) on the retraction stroke. As the Upper Canister Piston Head(22) is pulled inward, fluid medium exits the Upper Canister Fluid Chamber(21) through the Upper Canister Adjustment Plate(20). into the Upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber(75) and out of Modified Control Module(65) through the Upper Supply/Exhaust Port(5 a), and returns to the external switching device via the Upper Supply/Return Line(77). 

1. A modular, internally shifting, double acting linear fluid actuator system which is adapted to be driven by pressurized liquid, air stream, steam, or gas (collectively referenced as fluid medium), to perform pump, press, and reciprocating type applications in single or double end configurations; and said actuator system which consists in three separate modules and two attaching mechanisms comprised of: a. A Control Module: i. That internally diverts the flow of fluid medium, by means of an internal shifting mechanism, to perform work in two separate Canister Modules at opposite ends of the actuator system simultaneously. ii. That provides central control of the fluid medium so that the fluid medium always provides its power on the extension stroke of the actuator system, never on the retraction stroke. iii. That controls input and output of fluid medium through internal controls. iv. In a modified embodiment provides compatibility with external switching devices: while maintaining central control of the fluid medium so that the fluid medium always provides its power on the extension stroke of the actuator system, never on the retraction stroke; while providing modular compatibility with Canister Modules. b. A set of Canister Modules which: i. Are attached to the Control Module, by Canister Adjustment Plates; ii. Perform work at both ends of the actuator system simultaneously; iii. Are interchangeable; iv. Can be different diameters in the same actuator system; v. Can perform different applications simultaneously. c. A set of Canister Adjustment Plates which: i. Connect the Control Module to the Canister Modules; ii. Are interchangeable; iii. Provide a flow passage for the fluid medium between the Control Module and Canister Modules; iv. Can attach Canister Modules that are: A. Smaller in diameter than the Control Module; B. The same size as the Control Module; C. Larger than the Control Module;
 2. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein: a. The Control Module is encased in a cylindrical tube which has: i. A set of Supply Ports that allows pressurized fluid medium from a single Supply Line into the a set of Flow Chambers; ii. A set of Exhaust Ports that allow depressurized fluid medium to exit the Exhaust Chamber into a single return line, or in some pneumatic applications to discharge into the atmosphere; iii. A set of Relief Ports that discharge pressured fluid medium to a single Return Line, or in some pneumatic applications to discharge into the atmosphere. iv. A set of Plunger Ports spaced equidistant around the center of the Control Module Outer Wall. v. Two threaded or flanged Open Ends that attach to the Canister Adjustment Plates.
 3. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Control Module contains: a. Two Port Controls each having: i. an upper and lower Shutoff Spear; ii. an outer edge that seals against the Control Module Outer Wall; iii. a set of sealed Shifting Rod Holes; iv. a Port Control Passage b. Two Flow Walls each having: i. An outer edge that seals against the Control Module Outer Wall; ii. A set of sealed Shifting Rod Holes; iii. A Port Control Receiving Orifice; iv. Clips, pins, bolts, etc. that secure the Flow Walls to the Control Module Outer Wall c. Two Compression Walls each having: i. An outer edge that seals against the Control Module Outer Wall; ii. A set of sealed Shifting Rod Holes; iii. A sealed Connecting Rod Hole; iv. A One Way Valve; v. A Relief Orifice vi. Clips, pins, bolts, etc. that secure the Compression Walls to the Control Module Outer Wall. d. Two Pressure Pistons each having: i. An outer edge that seals against the Control Module Outer Wall; ii. A set of sealed Shifting Rod Holes; iii. A sealed Connecting Rod Hole. e. A Control Head which contains: i. A set of sealed Shifting Rod Holes; ii. A tapered surface adjacent to the outer surface and its sidewall; iii. A Control Head Through Hole f. Two Relief Chambers which: i. Are open chambers; ii. Have the Flow Walls as their outer walls; iii. Have the Compression Walls as their inner walls; iv. Contain Relief Valves that release pressurized fluid medium into the Return Line in hydraulic applications, but may release fluid medium into the atmosphere in pneumatic applications. g. Two Control Chambers which: i. Have Compression Walls as their outer fixed walls; ii. Have Pressure Pistons as their moveable inner walls; iii. Receive pressurized fluid medium through a One Way Valve in the Compression Walls; iv. Discharge pressurized fluid medium through Relief Orifices in the Compression Walls; h. A Shifting Chamber which: i. Is located in the center of the Control Module; ii. Has Pressure Pistons as its moveable outer walls; iii. Has a set of Control Springs; iv. Houses the Control Head; v. Houses a set of Control Head Stops; vi. Has a set of Actuator Control Plungers.
 4. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Control Module contains a set of Shifting Rods which: a. Are attached to the Control Head by, but not limited to clips, or threads and nuts, or pins, etc.; b. Are attached to two Port Controls by, but not limited to clips, or threads and nuts, or pins, etc.; c. Are slideably mounted in the Control Module, and pass through the Flow Walls, Relief Chambers, Compression Walls, Control Chambers, Pressure Pistons, and Shifting Chamber.
 5. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Control Module contains a set of Actuator Control Plungers which: a. Are spaced equidistant around the center of the Control Module Outer Wall; b. Maintain a preset pressure against the Control Head until sufficient differential pressure is applied on the Control Head to: i. Push Actuator Control Plungers into the Control Module Outer Wall; ii. Push past Actuator Control Plungers from Position I to Position II; or iii. Push past Actuator Control Plungers from Position II to Position I.
 6. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Control Module contains a Connecting Rod which: a. Is slideably mounted in the Control Module, and passes completely through the center of the Control Module, through both Canister Adjustment plates, and: i. Terminates within the Canister Modules in pump type applications; ii. Terminates within one Canister Module and extends completely through the second Canister Module in single end applications, or in a combination of pump and press type applications performed simultaneously; iii. Extends completely through both Canister Modules in a double ended press or reciprocating type applications. b. Attaches to the Canister Piston Heads within the Canister Modules.
 7. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the two Canister Adjustment Plates: a. Attach the Control Module to Canister Modules that are: i. Smaller in diameter than the Control Module; ii. The same diameter as the Control Module; iii. Larger in diameter than the Control Module; b. Attach to the Control Module and Canister Modules by Threaded Adapters or Flanged Adapters; c. Are completely interchangeable; d. Have a Canister Adjustment Plate Passage that: i. Provides a path for pressurized fluid medium to enter the Canister Modules from the Control Module; ii. Provides a path for depressurized fluid medium to exit the Canister Modules into the Control Module; iii. Serves as Port Control Receiving Orifices.
 8. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein The Canister Module Outer Walls are cylindrical tubes which have: a. Service Ports that can be used with, but not limited to: i. Breather Tubes ii. One Way Valves iii. Plugs iv. Pressure Gauges v. Relief Valves vi. Accumulators vii. Pulse Dampeners b. A Threaded or Flanged Open End that attaches to End Caps: c. A Threaded or Flanged Open End that attaches to Canister Adjustment Plates.
 9. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein each Canister Module contains a Canister Piston Head that: a. Attaches to the Connecting Rod by, but not limited to: i. Threads and self-locking nut; or ii. Press Fit: or iii. Clips; or iv. Pins; b. Seals against the Canister Outer Wall; c. Provides its power stroke on the extension stroke, never on the retraction stroke; d. Serves as the outer moveable wall to the Canister Fluid Chamber e. Serves as the inner moveable wall to the Canister Work Chamber
 10. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Canister Modules each contain a Canister Fluid Chamber which: a. Has its inner boundary as the Canister Adjustment Plate; b. Has its moveable outer boundary as the Canister Piston Head; c. Expands Outwardly as pressurized fluid medium enters through the Canister Adjustment Plate; d. Retracts inwardly as depressurized fluid medium exits through the Canister Adjustment Plate; e. Houses a Compression Spring which; i. Limits the inward movement of the Canister Piston Head on the retraction stroke. ii. Cushions the force of the Canister Piston Head on the retraction stroke; iii. Provides mechanical energy to assist the pressurized fluid medium at the beginning of the extension stroke. f. Houses a Metal Trap which traps Metal Shavings that are harmful to the actuator or peripheral equipment; g. Houses a Stroke Shortener which shortens the stroke movement of the Connecting Rod;
 11. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Canister Modules contain a Canister Work Chamber which: a. Has its outer boundary as an End Cap; b. Has its moveable inner boundary as the Canister Piston Head; c. Houses the Service Ports; d. Expels product fluid out of the Canister Module through the End Cap or Service Ports on the extension stroke of the Canister Piston Head in pump type applications; e. Draws product fluid into the Canister Module through the End Cap or Service Ports on the retraction stroke of the Canister Piston Head in pump type applications; f. Expels gas or air out of the Canister Module through the Service Ports on the extension stroke of the Canister Piston Head in press or reciprocating type applications. g. Draws gas or air into the Canister Module through the Service Ports on the retraction stroke of the Canister Piston Head in press or reciprocating type applications. h. May be used in conjunction with: i. Breather Tubes ii. One Way Valves iii. Plugs iv. Pressure Gauges v. Relief Valves vi. Accumulators vii. Pulse Dampeners
 12. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Relief Valves and the Compression Walls embody Pressure Differential Mechanisms in which: a. The Relief Valve Releases Pressure in the Pressure Path, while; b. The Compression Wall maintains pressure on the Control Chamber creating a positive differential pressure which forces the Pressure Piston to compress the Control Spring against the Control Head with enough force to: c. Move the Control Head past the Actuator Control Plungers and move the Shifting Mechanism from Position I to Position II, or from Position II to Position I.
 13. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Shifting Mechanism which: a. Is composed of the Control Head, Shifting Rods, Port Controls; and b. Directs the flow of fluid medium in Position I by: c. Positioning the upper Port Control to: i. Form an upper Flow Chamber which effectively opens an upper Supply Port; ii. Form Isolation Chamber C which effectively blocks an upper Exhaust Port; d. Positioning the lower Port Control to: i. Form Isolation Chamber B which effectively blocks a lower Supply Port; ii. Form a lower Exhaust Chamber which effectively opens a lower Exhaust Port.
 14. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein a Connecting Rod Extension: a. Is attached to the end of a Connecting Rod; b. Is located within a Canister Module; c. Is slideably mounted through a Canister End Cap; d. Provides greater rod cross-sectional area in certain punch/press type applications.
 15. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Control Head Stops: a. Define the Limits of movement of the Control Head; and b. Define the Limits of movement of the Shifting Mechanism.
 16. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein a Relief Orifice: a. Is located in each Compression Wall; b. Decompresses the Control Chamber after switching has occurred.
 17. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 1, wherein the Modified Control Module: a. Allows compatibility with external switching means while maintaining central control of the fluid medium flow. b. Directs all fluid medium force on the extension stroke of the Piston Heads; never on the retraction stroke; and c. Provides modular compatibility with the Canister Modules and external switching means.
 18. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 17, wherein the Modified Control Module consists of a cylindrical tube which serves as the Modified Control Module's Outer Wall which includes: a. Receiving/Exhaust Ports that allows pressurized fluid medium to enter the Modified Control Module on the extension stroke of the Piston Heads; and allows depressurized fluid medium to exit the Modified Control Module on the retraction stroke of the Piston Heads; b. Threaded or flanged Open Ends that attach to the Canister Adjustment Plates;
 19. The linear fluid actuator system according to claim 17, wherein the Modified Control Module contains Receiving/Exhaust Chambers which: a. Are open chambers that direct fluid medium flow into and out of the Canister Modules; b. Have the Canister Adjustment Plates as their outer walls; c. Have the Fixed Sealed Hole Center Wall as their inner wall which; i. Contains a Fixed Sealed Connecting Rod Hole which may be sealed by, including and not limited to O-rings, rod seals, or precision drilled holes, and holds the Connecting Rod while maintaining a seal between the upper Receiving/Exhaust Chamber and the lower Receiving/Exhaust Chamber; ii. Is removable; iii. Is held in place by Center Wall Retainers. c. Houses a Connecting Rod which: i. Is slideably mounted in the Fixed Seal Hole Center Wall, and passes completely through the center of the Control Module, through both Canister Adjustment plates, and: A. Terminates within the Canister Modules in pump type applications; B. Terminates within one Canister Module and extends completely through the second Canister Module in single end applications, or in a combination of pump and press type applications performed simultaneously; C. Extends completely through both Canister Modules in a double ended press or reciprocation type application. ii. Attaches to the Canister Piston Heads within the Canister Modules. 